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Important questions
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BM8702-RADIOLOGIAL EQUIPMENT
Unit 11.Digital Fluoroscopy,Cine,Digital subtraction Angiography. Mammography and Dental x-ray unit.2.Electron arcing/filament burn out, Failure to warm up tube... may be asked as 8 marks also in 2 marks3 .X-Ray Equipment (Block Diagram) read full working and partsUnit 21.spiral CT scanning,Ultra fast CT scanners. Advantages of computed radiography over film screen radiography2.Spiral CT, 3D Imaging and its application.Unit 31.Induction of magnetic resonance signals ,bulk magnetization 2. Relaxation processes T1 and T2. Block Diagram approach of MRI systemsystem3.Radio Frequency coils (sending and receiving), and shim coils, Electronic components, fMRIUnit 41. hematological measurements, Glomerular filtration rate,2. Recent advances Radionuclide imagingBone imaging3.Anger scintillation camera -Nuclear tomographyUnit 51.3DCRT,IMRT ,IGRT,SRS,SRT2.Radiation protection in medicine- radiation protection principles
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**Very important questions are bolded and may be asked based on this topic
PART-C
1.Compulsory Questions {a case study where the student will have to read and analyse the subject }mostly asked from unit 2, 5(OR) a situation given and you have to answer on your own
BM8702-RADIOLOGIAL EQUIPMENT
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**Very important questions are bolded and may be asked based on this topic
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*These questions are expected for the exams This may or may not be asked for exams All the best.... from admin Santhosh
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Medical X-Ray Equipment
Nature of X-rays- X-Ray absorption - Tissue contrast. X-Ray Equipment (Block Diagram) - X-Ray Tube, the collimator, Bucky Grid, power supply. Cathode and filament currents, Focusing cup. Thermionic emission. Electromagnetic induction, Line focus principle and the heel effect, Causes of x-ray tube failure: Electron arcing/filament burn out, Failure to warm up tube. High temp due to over exposure, x-ray tube rating charts.X-ray Image Intensifier tubes - Fluoroscopy - Digital Fluoroscopy. Angiography, Cine Angiography. Digital subtraction Angiography. Mammography and Dental x-ray unit.
Unit II
Computed Tomography
Principles of tomography, CT Generations, X- Ray sources- collimation- X- Ray detectors-Viewing systems- spiral CT scanning – Ultra fast CT scanners. Advantages of computed radiography over film screen radiography: Time, Image quality, Lower patient dose, Differences between conventional imaging equipment and digital imaging equipment: Image plate, Plate readers, Image characteristics, Image reconstruction techniques- back projection and iterative method. Spiral CT, 3D Imaging and its application.
Unit III
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Fundamentals of magnetic resonance- Interaction of Nuclei with static magnetic field and Radio frequency wave- rotation and precession – Induction of magnetic resonance signals – bulk magnetization – Relaxation processes T1 and T2. Block Diagram approach of MRI systemsystem magnet (Permanent, Electromagnet and Super conductors), generations of gradient magnetic fields, Radio Frequency coils (sending and receiving), and shim coils, Electronic components, fMRI
Unit IV Nuclear Medicine Techniques Nuclear imaging - Anger scintillation camera -Nuclear tomography - single photon emission computer tomography, positron emission tomography - Recent advances Radionuclide imagingBone imaging, dynamic renal function, myocardial perfusion. Non imaging techniques- hematological measurements, Glomerular filtration rate, volume measurements, clearance measurement, whole-body counting, surface counting
Unit V
Radiation Therapy and Radiation Safety
Radiation therapy – linear accelerator, Telegamma Machine. SRS -SRT,-Recent Techniques in radiation therapy – 3DCRT – IMRT – IGRT and Cyber knife- radiation measuring instruments-Dosimeter, film badges, Thermo Luminescent dosimeters- electronic dosimeter- Radiation protection in medicine- radiation protection principles.
Unit I
Medical X-Ray Equipment
Nature of X-rays- X-Ray absorption - Tissue contrast. X-Ray Equipment (Block Diagram) - X-Ray Tube, the collimator, Bucky Grid, power supply. Cathode and filament currents, Focusing cup. Thermionic emission. Electromagnetic induction, Line focus principle and the heel effect, Causes of x-ray tube failure: Electron arcing/filament burn out, Failure to warm up tube. High temp due to over exposure, x-ray tube rating charts.X-ray Image Intensifier tubes - Fluoroscopy - Digital Fluoroscopy. Angiography, Cine Angiography. Digital subtraction Angiography. Mammography and Dental x-ray unit.
Unit II
Computed Tomography
Principles of tomography, CT Generations, X- Ray sources- collimation- X- Ray detectors-Viewing systems- spiral CT scanning – Ultra fast CT scanners. Advantages of computed radiography over film screen radiography: Time, Image quality, Lower patient dose, Differences between conventional imaging equipment and digital imaging equipment: Image plate, Plate readers, Image characteristics, Image reconstruction techniques- back projection and iterative method. Spiral CT, 3D Imaging and its application.
Unit III
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Fundamentals of magnetic resonance- Interaction of Nuclei with static magnetic field and Radio frequency wave- rotation and precession – Induction of magnetic resonance signals – bulk magnetization – Relaxation processes T1 and T2. Block Diagram approach of MRI systemsystem magnet (Permanent, Electromagnet and Super conductors), generations of gradient magnetic fields, Radio Frequency coils (sending and receiving), and shim coils, Electronic components, fMRI
Unit IV Nuclear Medicine Techniques Nuclear imaging - Anger scintillation camera -Nuclear tomography - single photon emission computer tomography, positron emission tomography - Recent advances Radionuclide imagingBone imaging, dynamic renal function, myocardial perfusion. Non imaging techniques- hematological measurements, Glomerular filtration rate, volume measurements, clearance measurement, whole-body counting, surface counting
Unit V
Radiation Therapy and Radiation Safety
Radiation therapy – linear accelerator, Telegamma Machine. SRS -SRT,-Recent Techniques in radiation therapy – 3DCRT – IMRT – IGRT and Cyber knife- radiation measuring instruments-Dosimeter, film badges, Thermo Luminescent dosimeters- electronic dosimeter- Radiation protection in medicine- radiation protection principles.